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FAPI is described in terms of number of SAPs(P1, P2, .., P7), Procedures, and Messages.
Notable SAPs are P5 and P7.
P5 cover PHY Control messages like PHY Configuration (Bandwidth, Power, and so on).
P7 cover messages related to Data plane like Subframe Indication (TTI Tick to L2), DL Configuration per TTI, and so on.
nFAPI (Network FAPI) is meant for those eNB implementations wherein eNB is split in VNF (Virtual Network Function)
and PNF (Physical Network Function).
In such cases, usually L2 and PHY are not co-located and rather situated apart.
Subframe level synchronisations, Configurations of multiple PNFs are few of the important areas addressed in nFAPI.
FAPI is a Software interface; its implementation considerations (communication mechanism between L1 and L2, expected
performance etc.) are left to Small cell developers/manufacturers.
FAPI specification can be found at SCF site, document ID SCF082.
CPRI allow L1 DSP IQ samples or Baseband RF signals to be transferred from REC to RE over fronthaul.
Fronthaul transport network could be ethernet/optical.
CPRI specification can be found at CPRI site.
Though not detailed and comprehensively, the article has tried to list small cell related points taken directly from 3GPP releases and
specifications.
As you may observe, many of the small cell learnings are taken as input in designing 5G, like field considerations
(in terms of user density, data speeds etc.), moving cells, dual connectivity, and so on.
1. 3GPP Release 8 features
2. 3GPP Release 9 features
3. 3GPP Release 10 features
4. 3GPP Release 11 features
5. 3GPP Release 12 features
6. 3GPP TS 36.104 Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception
7. 3GPP TS 22.220 Service requirements for HeNB
8. 3GPP TS 36.423 X2 AP
9. 3GPP TS 36.300 E-UTRAN Overall descrition
10. 3GPP TS 36.814 CA Layer 1 aspects
11. 3GPP TR 36.932 Scenarios and requirements for small cell enhancements
12. 3GPP TS 36.842 Small cell enhancements, higher layer aspects
13. 3GPP TS 36.872 Small cell enhancements, PHY aspects
14. 3GPP TS 23.829 Local IP Access and Selected IP Traffic Offload (LIPA-SIPTO)
15. 3GPP TS 36.819 CoMP, PHY layer aspects
16. 3GPP Release 13 features
17. FAPI and nFAPI specification
18. CPRI specification
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