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Future step 1
Future networks would have simpler architecture and interfaces would be based on open/widely used standards like SIGTRAN, IP/IETF as shown below. Instead of having elaborate radio access network elements, we will have fewer elements forming an interface between mobile terminal and core network. The interface between RAN and CN would be such that core network will have fewer functions to handle (specific to wireless like mobility, authentication, ciphering etc.). This would make core network architecture also simplified. We may or may not have direct connection with PSTN, instead PSTN may have some connection with Internet or IP cloud.
Fig 1.2.2
Looking at current developments, future radio access is likely to be packet based running on OFDM/OFDMA. Network signaling stack would be thinner or may even be based on open standards. This would result in least possible latency in both user and transmission planes.
Future step 2
The next future step would be: change in the way mobile terminals will use services from operator. The users can register to services from more than one operator. Based on service and radio conditions, mobile terminal can dynamically select appropriate wireless system (e.g. LTE, WiMAX) and operator. This can be configured in mobile terminal or just be made automatic. Of course, mobile terminal will be required to have related wireless system stacks and hardwares.
For example, say user is currently on a VoIP call over LTE and it finds that there is a stronger 802.16e/WiMAX cell available from same or different operator. Mobile terminal should be able to handover or choose this new cell without affecting the continuity of service. As can be guessed, this require lot of work on interworking between various wireless systems and operators.
Users can always choose the appropriate access and operator as per pricing or perceptive quality for the individual services.
Needless to say field usage of LTE and WiMAX will determine the future direction.
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